Inflections
(early west-saxon.)
Note: The tables on this page reflect the information in Sweet's original dictionary. However, he uses a two-column layout that I have not duplicated here.
Nouns: Regular
Strong
| |
|
Masculine |
Neuter |
| Singular |
Nominative1 |
stān |
scip, hūs |
| |
Dative |
stāne |
scipe |
| |
Genitive |
stānes |
scipes |
| Plural |
Nom. |
stānas |
scipu, hūs |
| |
Dat. |
stānum |
scipum |
| |
Gen. |
stāna |
scipa |
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| |
|
Feminine |
| |
|
1 a. |
1 b. |
| Sg. |
Nom. |
giefu, synn |
dǣd |
| |
Acc. |
giefe, synne |
dǣd |
| |
Dat. |
giefe |
dǣde |
| |
Gen. |
giefe |
dǣde |
| Pl. |
Nom. |
giefa |
dǣda |
| |
Dat. |
giefum |
dǣdum |
| |
Gen. |
giefna, synna |
dǣda |
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Weak
| |
|
Masc. |
Neut. |
Fem. |
| Sg. |
Nom. |
nama |
ēage |
sunne |
| |
Acc. |
naman |
ēage |
sunnan |
| |
Dat. |
naman |
ēagan |
sunnan |
| |
Gen. |
naman |
ēagan |
sunnan |
| Pl. |
Nom. |
naman |
ēagan |
sunnan |
| |
Dat. |
namum |
ēagum |
sunnum |
| |
Gen. |
namena |
ēagna |
sunnena |
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Nouns: Irregular
U-Nouns
| |
|
Masc. |
Fem. |
| Sg. |
Nom. |
sunu |
duru, hand |
| |
Dat. |
suna |
dura, handa |
| |
Gen. |
suna |
dura |
| Pl. |
Nom. |
suna |
dura |
| |
Dat. |
sunum |
durum |
| |
Gen. |
suna |
dura |
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Mutation-Plurals
| |
|
Masc. |
Fem. |
| Sg. |
Nom. |
fōt |
bōc |
| |
Dat. |
fēt |
bēc |
| |
Gen. |
fōtes |
bōce, bēc |
| Pl. |
Nom. |
fēt |
bēc |
| |
Dat. |
fōtum |
bōcum |
| |
Gen. |
fōta |
bōca |
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R-Nouns
| |
|
Masc. |
Fem. |
| Sg. |
Nom. |
brōþor |
sweostor |
| |
Dat. |
brēþor |
sweostor |
| |
Gen. |
brōþor |
sweostor |
| Pl. |
Nom. |
brēþor, brōþru |
sweostor |
| |
Dat. |
brōþrum |
sweostrum |
| |
Gen. |
brōþra |
sweostra |
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Masculine ND-Nouns
| Sg. |
Nom. |
frēond, būend |
| |
Dat. |
frīend, būend |
| |
Gen. |
frēondes |
| Pl. |
Nom. |
frīend, būend |
| |
Dat. |
frēondum |
| |
Gen. |
frēonda, būendra; |
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Masculine E-Plurals
| Pl. |
Nom. |
Ęngle |
| |
Dat. |
Ęnglum |
| |
Gen. |
Ęngla |
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Indeclinable Fem. : bieldo, bieldu
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Adjectives
Strong
| |
|
Masc. |
Neut. |
Fem. |
| Sg. |
Nom. |
sum, gōd |
sum |
sumu, gōd |
| |
Acc. |
sumne |
sum |
sume |
| |
Dat. |
sumum |
sumum |
sumre |
| |
Gen. |
sumes |
sumes |
sumre |
| |
Instr1 |
sume |
sume |
sumre |
| Pl. |
Nom. |
sume |
sumu, gōd |
sume |
| |
Dat. |
sumum |
| |
Gen. |
sumra |
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Weak
| |
|
Masc. |
Neut. |
Fem. |
| Sg. |
Nom. |
gōda |
gōde |
gōde |
| |
Acc. |
gōdan |
gōde |
gōdan |
| |
Dat. |
gōdan |
| |
Gen. |
gōdan |
| Pl. |
Nom. |
gōdan |
| |
Dat. |
gōdum |
| |
Gen. |
gōdena, gōdra |
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Numerals
| |
Masc. |
Neut. |
Fem. |
| Pl. |
Nom. |
twēgen |
twā |
twā |
| |
Dat. |
twǣm |
| |
Gen. |
twēg(r)a |
| |
|
So also bēgen 'both.'
|
| Pl. |
Nom. |
þrīe |
þrēo |
þrēo |
| |
Dat. |
þrim |
| |
Gen. |
þrēora |
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Pronouns
| Sg. |
Nom. |
ic |
þū |
hē |
hit |
hēo |
| |
Acc. |
mē |
þē |
hine |
hit |
hīe |
| |
Dat. |
mē |
þē |
him |
him |
hire |
| |
Gen. |
mīn |
þīn |
his |
his |
hire |
| Pl. |
Nom. |
wē |
gē |
hīe |
| |
Acc. |
ūs |
ēow |
hīe |
| |
Dat. |
ūs |
ēow |
him |
| |
Gen. |
ūre |
ēower |
hira, heora |
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| |
Masc. and Fem. |
Neut. |
| Sg. |
Nom. |
hwā |
hwæt |
| |
Acc. |
hwone |
hwæt |
| |
Dat. |
hwǣm |
| |
Gen. |
hwaes |
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| |
Masc. |
Neut. |
Fem. |
Masc. |
Neut. |
Fem. |
| Sg. |
Nom. |
se |
þæt |
sēo |
þes |
þis |
þēos |
| |
Acc. |
þone |
þæt |
þā |
þisne |
þis |
þās |
| |
Dat. |
þǣm |
þǣm |
þǣre |
þissum |
þissum |
þisse |
| |
Gen. |
þæs |
þæs |
þǣre |
þisses |
þisses |
þisse |
| |
Instr. |
þȳ |
þȳ |
(þǣre) |
þȳs |
þȳs |
(þisse) |
| Pl. |
Nom. |
þā |
þās |
| |
Dat. |
þǣm |
þissum |
| |
Gen. |
þāra |
þissa |
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Verbs
| |
Strong. |
Weak. |
| Indic. |
'Hear.' |
'Wean.' |
'Love.' |
| Pres. |
Sg. |
1 |
binde |
hīere |
węnige |
lufige |
| |
|
2 |
bintst |
hīerst |
węnest |
lufast |
| |
|
3 |
bint |
hīerþ |
węneþ |
lufaþ |
| |
Pl. |
|
bindaþ |
hīeraþ |
węniaþ |
lufiaþ |
| Pret. |
Sg. |
1 |
band |
hīerde |
węnede |
lufode |
| |
|
2 |
bunde |
hīerdest |
węnedest |
lufodest |
| |
|
3 |
band |
hīerde |
węnede |
lufode |
| |
Pl. |
|
bundon |
hīerdon |
węnedon |
lufodon |
| Subj. |
| |
Pres. |
Sg. |
binde |
hīere |
węnige |
lufige |
| |
|
Pl. |
binden |
hīeren |
węnigen |
lufigen |
| |
Pret. |
Sg. |
bunde |
hīerde |
węnede |
lufode |
| |
|
Pl. |
bunden |
hīerden |
węneden |
lufoden |
| |
Infinitive |
bindan |
hīeran |
węnian |
lufian |
| |
Gerund |
(tō) bindenne |
hīerenne |
węnienne |
lufienne |
| Partic. |
| |
Pres. |
|
bindende |
hīerende |
węniende |
lufiende |
| |
Pret. |
|
(ge)bunden |
hīered |
węned |
lufod |
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Groups of Strong Verbs
| I. Fall-group |
| (a) eo-preterites |
| Infinitive |
Third Pres. |
Pret. Sg. |
Pret. Pl. |
Ptc. Pret. |
| feallan |
fielþ |
fēoll |
fēollon |
feallen |
| (b) e-preterites |
| hātan |
hǣtt |
hēt |
hēton |
hāten |
| II. Shake-group |
| scacan |
scǣcþ |
scōc |
scōcon |
scacen |
| III. Bind-group |
| bindan |
bint |
band |
bundon |
bunden |
| IV. Bear-group |
| beran |
bierþ |
bær |
bǣron |
boren |
| V. Give-group |
| sprecan |
spricþ |
spræc |
sprǣcon |
sprecen |
| giefan |
giefþ |
geaf |
gēafon |
giefen |
| VI. Shine-group |
| scīnan |
scīnþ |
scān |
scinon |
scinen |
| VII. Choose-group |
| cēosan |
cīest |
cēas |
curon |
coren |
| lūcan |
lȳcþ |
lēac |
lucon |
locen |
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Preterite-Present Verbs
| |
Indic. |
Subj. |
| Pres. |
Sg. |
1 |
wāt |
wite |
| |
|
2 |
wāst |
wite |
| |
|
3 |
wāt |
wite |
| |
Pl. |
|
witon |
witen |
| Pret. |
wiste |
| Imper. |
wite, witaþ |
| Infin. |
witan |
| Ptc. Pres. |
witende |
| Pret. |
witen |
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Anomalous Verbs
| Ind. |
Pres. |
Sg. |
1 |
wile, nyle |
eom, bēo |
dō |
gā |
|
2 |
wilt, nylt |
eart, bist |
dēst |
gǣst |
|
3 |
wile |
is, biþ |
dēþ |
gǣþ |
|
Pl. |
|
willaþ, nyllaþ |
sind(on), bēoþ |
dōþ |
gāþ |
| |
Pret. |
Sg. |
1 |
wolde, nolde |
wæs |
dyde |
ēode |
| |
2 |
woldest |
wǣst |
dydest |
ēodest |
| |
3 |
wolde |
wæs |
dyde |
ēode |
| |
Pl. |
|
woldon |
wǣron |
dydon |
ēodon |
| Subj. |
Pres. |
Sg. |
|
wile |
sīe, bēo |
dō |
gā |
|
Pl. |
|
willen |
sīen, bēon |
dōn |
gān |
|
Pret. |
Sg. |
|
wolde |
wǣre |
dyde |
ēode |
|
Pl. |
|
wolden |
wǣren |
dyden |
ēoden |
|
Imper. |
Sg. |
|
wile |
wes, bēo |
dō |
gā |
|
Pl. |
|
willaþ |
wesaþ, bēoþ |
dōþ |
gāþ |
|
Infin. |
|
|
willan |
wesan, bēon |
dōn |
gān |
|
Part. |
Pres. |
|
willende |
wesende |
dōnde |
gangende |
|
Part. |
Pret. |
|
— |
— |
gedōn |
gegān |